我的學習手記 A technical geek blog: February 2010

Start Outlook 2003.
On the Tools menu, click Options.
On the Preferences tab, in the E-mail area, click E-mail Options.
In the Message handling area, click to select the Read all standard mail in plain text check box.

Note By default, the Read all standard mail in plain text option is turned off.

To turn on the Read all standard mail in plain text option in Outlook 2007, follow these steps:

Start Outlook 2007.
On the Tools menu, click Trust Center, and then click E-mail Security.
Under Read as Plain Text, click to select the Read all standard mail in plain text check box.
To include messages that are signed with a digital signature, click to select the Read all digitally signed mail in plain text check box.

When the Read all standard mail in plain text option is turned on, you receive the following notification on the InfoBar at the top of the e-mail message:

This message was converted to plain text.

Note If you decide to view the plain text message in its original format, click the InfoBar, and then select Display as HTML or Display as Rich Text.

For more information:

How to view all e-mail messages in plain text format

http://support.microsoft.com/?scid=kb%3Ben-us%3B831607&x=5&y=19

Windows Server 2003 to Windows Server 2008 R2 Upgrade Paths

Upgrading your Active Directory to Windows Server 2008

http://blogs.dirteam.com/blogs/sanderberkouwer/archive/2008/04/08/upgrading-your-active-directory-to-windows-server-2008.aspx

Transitioning your Active Directory to Windows Server 2008

http://blogs.dirteam.com/blogs/sanderberkouwer/archive/2008/03/02/transitioning-your-active-directory-to-windows-server-2008.aspx

OpenProj (MS Project alternative)

OpenProj is a free, open source project management solution. OpenProj is a replacement of Microsoft Project and other commercial project solutions.

OpenProj has equivalent functionality, a familiar user interface and even opens existing MSProject files. OpenProj is interoperable with Project, with a Gantt Chart and PERT chart.

And also, it is able to deploy by GPO.

http://sourceforge.net/projects/openproj/files/

A script to check remote computers for directories

http://www.cubert.net/2009/04/script-to-check-remote-computers-for.html

How to upgrade CentOS 5.3 to 5.4 release

Reference:

http://blog.ccielogs.com/2009/10/26/how-to-upgrade-centos-5-3-to-5-4-release/

http://hi.baidu.com/dr_wang/blog/item/718fabc4f18cfca38326ac0f.html

1. edit the CentOS-Base.repo to add enable =1

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

2. yum update

解決Virtual PC網路分享存取暴慢的問題

http://blog.darkthread.net/blogs/darkthreadtw/archive/2010/01/30/vpc-net-slow.aspx

Freeware for Wireless network administration

Xirrus has developed a set of free tools that are useful for monitoring and troubleshooting Wi-Fi networks. In addition, we have assembled a collection of cool Wi-Fi tools freely available on the Internet that we found to be of great value in planning, deploying, and managing Wi-Fi networks.

http://www.xirrus.com/library/wifitools.php

Some useful Gadget for Windows 7

SystemMonitor.gadget

http://www.buildagadget.com/

Xirrus Wi-Fi Monitor Gadgets/Widgets (Remark: This Gadget is used a lot of resource, not recommend for Netbook)

http://www.xirrus.com/library/wifitools.php

Govhk Gadgets

http://www.gov.hk/tc/about/helpdesk/gadget/index.htm

Friday, February 19, 2010

DHCP Reservation Manager – Easily migrate DHCP reservations

http://blogs.technet.com/teamdhcp/archive/2006/09/19/457383.aspx

(Freeware) Download Free VMware vSphere Session Monitor 1.0 Utility

http://www.dabcc.com/article.aspx?id=13314&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+server-desktop-virtualization+%28Virtualization+Resources%2C+News%2C+Support%2C+and+Analysis+-+RSS%29

VMware ESX 4.0 and ESXi 4.0 Shutdown and Reboot Commands

Details

When virtual machines are running, ESX might not clear the RAID controller's cache if you shut down or reboot ESX host by using the following commands on the service console:

reboot -f
halt
shutdown

Solution

You can shut down or reboot ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts using any of the following methods:

ESX 4.0

Log in to the ESX service console and perform one of the following steps from the service console to shutdown or reboot ESX 4.0 hosts.

Run the shutdown –r now command to reboot the system.
Note: This command shuts down the virtual machines running on the ESX 4.0 hosts.
Run the reboot command to reboot the system.
Run the poweroff command to shut down ESX. After the shutdown, a message indicates that it is safe to power off your system. Press the power button until the machine powers off. You can then manually reboot the system.

ESXi 4.0

In the console screen of the ESXi 4.0 host, press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to see the Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) screen.
In the DCUI screen, press F12 to view the shutdown related options for the ESXi host.
- Press F2 to shut down.
- Press F11 to reboot.

ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0

From vSphere Client

Before shutting down or rebooting the ESX 4.0 or the ESXi 4.0 hosts, ensure that the hosts are put in maintenance mode. Powering off a managed host disconnects it from vCenter Server, but does not remove it from the inventory.

Shut down or VMotion all virtual machines running on ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts.
Put the ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts in the maintenance mode.
Select the ESX 4.0 or the ESXi 4.0 host you want to shut down.
Right-click the ESX 4.0 or the ESXi 4.0 host that you want to shut down, and select Reboot or Shut Down.
- If you select Reboot, the ESX 4.0 or the ESXi 4.0 host shuts down and reboots.
- If you select Shut Down, the ESX 4.0 or the ESXi 4.0 host shuts down. You must manually power the system back.
Provide a reason for the shut down or reboot. This information is added to the log.

From vCLI or vMA

To put ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts in the maintenance mode, run the following command from vMA (vSphere Management Assistant) or vCLI (vSphere Command-Line Interface) console screen:

/usr/lib/vmware-vicli/apps/host/hostops.pl --target_host <ESX-Host> --operation enter_maintenance --url https://<vCenter-Host>/sdk/vimService.wsdl
To reboot ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts, run the following command from vMA or vCLI console screen:

/usr/lib/vmware-vicli/apps/host/hostops.pl --target_host <ESX-Host> --operation reboot --url https://<vCenter-Host>/sdk/vimService.wsdl
To shut down ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0 hosts, run the following command from vMA or vCLI console screen:
/usr/lib/vmware-vicli/apps/host/hostops.pl --target_host <ESX-Host> --operation shutdown --url https://<vCenter-Host>/sdk/vimService.wsdl

Reference:

http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/search.do?cmd=displayKC&docType=kc&externalId=1013193

Crontab 不會自動執行修復、處理步驟 (Copy from: http://plog.longwin.com.tw/my_note-unix/2010/01/27/crontab-can-not-execute-fix-2010?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+tsungblog+%28Tsung%27s+Blog%29)

Crontab 不會自動執行修復、處理步驟

發現 Crontab 已經好幾天都不會執行, 有點詭異.

直接 crontab -e 再去新增 / 修改也都不會動, 手動執行都是正常.

註: crontab 寫法都是正確的.

檢查、更新 Crontab

做下述的檢查、重新設定的動作看看.

ls /var/spool/cron/crontab # 看權限是某正確, 資料是否正確.
若有使用 flock, 然後有存 tmp file 的, 把那些 tmp file 都砍了.
crontab -l > cron_backup; crontab -r; crontab cron_backup # 把 crontab 砍掉重新匯入
以上都做過, Crontab 還是都不會動.

解法

上述做法都沒有用, 最後試試重新啟動 cron, 結果就可以動了, 重新啟動步驟如下:

ps aux | grep cron
root 15082 0.0 0.0 18708 1068 ? Ss 13:23 0:00 cron
kill 15082
ps aux | grep cron # 若已經自動跑起來, 就不需要下面的步驟
/usr/sbin/cron &

From:

http://plog.longwin.com.tw/my_note-unix/2010/01/27/crontab-can-not-execute-fix-2010?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+tsungblog+%28Tsung%27s+Blog%29

Remote Reboot X – The ultimate WSUS companion tool

What it is

Remote Reboot X is an application that I initially created to reboot a large number of remote computers simultaneously, while being able to monitor their statuses in real-time.

http://dougzuck.com/remoterebootx/

Copy all Filenames in a Directory to a Text File

C:\Program Files>dir /a /b /-p /o:gen /s >filelisting.txt

C:\Program Files>dir /a /-p /o:gen /s >list.txt

Find Server Serial no by VBS

strComputer = "."

Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _

& "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")

Set colBIOS = objWMIService.ExecQuery _

("Select * from Win32_BIOS")

For each objBIOS in colBIOS

Wscript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objBIOS.Manufacturer

Wscript.Echo "Serial Number: " & objBIOS.SerialNumber

How to selectively prevent users from sending or receiving Internet e-mail in Exchange Server 2003 or in Exchange 2000 Server

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/924635

Websense Site Lookup Tool

Websense has a Site Lookup Tool on their website. You have to register, but you can then request changes to their categorization. They almost always get back to you within 1 business day and then the change goes out with that night’s database update.

A year 2010 bugs of SpamAssassin

If you saw a email X-Spam-Status: “FH_DATE_PAST_20XX=3.188” scores on all mails dated 2010 or later.”

You hint the 2010 bugs of SpamAssassin.

https://issues.apache.org/SpamAssassin/show_bug.cgi?id=6269

http://www.emaildiscussions.com/showthread.php?t=58462

http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.unix.amavis-user/browse_thread/thread/e4d1d45d2a12d769

Either:

1) Add to /etc/mail/spamassassin.conf

 score FH_DATE_PAST_20XX 0.0<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2) Fix the rule in /usr/share/spamassassin/72_active.cf by replacing the FH_DATE_PAST_20XX line with:

header   FH_DATE_PAST_20XX    Date =~ /20[2-9][0-9]/ [if-unset: 2006]<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

3) Run sa-update and that will fix it as well.

sudo sa-update --nogpg --updatedir /etc/mail/spamassassin –debug

Reference:

http://serverfault.com/questions/98723/workaround-spamassassin-y2k10-bug-mac-os-x-server

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Microsoft Product Support Reports utility (Windows Server 2003/2008)

Download the scripted system configuration gathering tools. The Microsoft Product Support Reports utility facilitates the gathering of critical system and logging information used in troubleshooting support issues.

For more information:

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=cebf3c7c-7ca5-408f-88b7-f9c79b7306c0&displaylang=en

http://blogs.technet.com/askperf/archive/2009/05/01/two-minute-drill-the-new-mps-reports.aspx

http://www.gilham.org/Blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=aab85845%2D88d2%2D4091%2D8088%2Da6bbce0a4304&ID=562

NRC and MRC

Setup fee (NRC) is a onetime fee, charged when the order is placed. The monthly fee (MRC) is charged at the beginning of every month

VMMap – Sysinternals tool to analyze process memory allocation

http://www.windowsreference.com/free-utilities/vmmap-sysinternals-tool-to-analyze-process-memory-allocation/

PDF Split and Merge

PDF Split and Merge：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfsam/

http://www.pdfsam.org/

XP: kill a Windows process from the command line with taskkill

http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/446/xp_kill_windows_process_command_line_taskkill/

Transitioning your Active Directory to Windows Server 2008

Activity of Active Directory and the rest

http://www.shariqsheikh.com/blog/index.php/category/windows-server-2008-r2/

http://blogs.dirteam.com/blogs/sanderberkouwer/archive/2008/03/02/transitioning-your-active-directory-to-windows-server-2008.aspx

Domain Functioanl Levels and Forest Functional Levels

There are now 6 different types of Domain Functional Levels:

1. Windows 2000 Mixed (supports NT4/2000/2003 DCs)
2. Windows 2000 Native (supports 2000/2003 DCs)
3. Windows Server 2003 Interim (supports NT4/2003 DCs)
4. Windows Server 2003 (supports only 2003 DCs)
5. Windows Server 2008 (supports only 2008 DCs)
6. Windows Server 2008 R2 (supports only 2008 R2 DCs)

And five forest functional levels:

1. Windows 2000 (supports NT4/2000/2003 DCs)
2. Windows 2003 Interim (supports NT4/2003 DCs)
3. Windows Server 2003 (supports only 2003 DCs)
4. Windows Server 2008 (supports only 2008 DCs)
5. Windows Server 2008 R2 (supports only 2008 R2 DCs)

20 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know (From: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html)

Need to monitor Linux server performance? Try these built-in command and a few add-on tools. Most Linux distributions are equipped with tons of monitoring. These tools provide metrics which can be used to get information about system activities. You can use these tools to find the possible causes of a performance problem. The commands discussed below are some of the most basic commands when it comes to system analysis and debugging server issues such as:

Finding out bottlenecks.

Disk (storage) bottlenecks.

CPU and memory bottlenecks.

Network bottlenecks.

#1: top - Process Activity Command

The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system i.e. actual process activity. By default, it displays the most CPU-intensive tasks running on the server and updates the list every five seconds.

Fig.01: Linux top command

Commonly Used Hot Keys

The top command provides several useful hot keys:

Hot Key	Usage
t	Displays summary information off and on.
m	Displays memory information off and on.
A	Sorts the display by top consumers of various system resources. Useful for quick identification of performance-hungry tasks on a system.
f	Enters an interactive configuration screen for top. Helpful for setting up top for a specific task.
o	Enables you to interactively select the ordering within top.
r	Issues renice command.
k	Issues kill command.
z	Turn on or off color/mono

=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?

#2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information

The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.
# vmstat 3
Sample Outputs:

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0     2    32    4    2  4  1 96  0  0
 1  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0     0   720 1199  665  1  0 99  0  0
 0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130400    0    0     0     0 1151 1569  4  1 95  0  0
 0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130500    0    0     0     6 1117  439  1  0 99  0  0
 0  0      0 2540940 522188 5130512    0    0     0   536 1189  932  1  0 98  0  0
 0  0      0 2538444 522188 5130588    0    0     0     0 1187 1417  4  1 96  0  0
 0  0      0 2490060 522188 5130640    0    0     0    18 1253 1123  5  1 94  0  0

Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo

# vmstat -m

Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages

# vmstat -a
=> Related: How do I find out Linux Resource utilization to detect system bottlenecks?

#3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing

w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.

# w username
# w vivek

Sample Outputs:

 17:58:47 up 5 days, 20:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.36, 0.26, 0.24
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    10.1.3.145       14:55    5.00s  0.04s  0.02s vim /etc/resolv.conf
root     pts/1    10.1.3.145       17:43    0.00s  0.03s  0.00s w

#4: uptime - Tell How Long The System Has Been Running

The uptime command can be used to see how long the server has been running. The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
# uptime
Output:

 18:02:41 up 41 days, 23:42,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

1 can be considered as optimal load value. The load can change from system to system. For a single CPU system 1 - 3 and SMP systems 6-10 load value might be acceptable.

#5: ps - Displays The Processes

ps command will report a snapshot of the current processes. To select all processes use the -A or -e option:
# ps -A
Sample Outputs:

  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 ?        00:00:02 init
    2 ?        00:00:02 migration/0
    3 ?        00:00:01 ksoftirqd/0
    4 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/0
    5 ?        00:00:00 migration/1
    6 ?        00:00:15 ksoftirqd/1
....
.....
 4881 ?        00:53:28 java
 4885 tty1     00:00:00 mingetty
 4886 tty2     00:00:00 mingetty
 4887 tty3     00:00:00 mingetty
 4888 tty4     00:00:00 mingetty
 4891 tty5     00:00:00 mingetty
 4892 tty6     00:00:00 mingetty
 4893 ttyS1    00:00:00 agetty
12853 ?        00:00:00 cifsoplockd
12854 ?        00:00:00 cifsdnotifyd
14231 ?        00:10:34 lighttpd
14232 ?        00:00:00 php-cgi
54981 pts/0    00:00:00 vim
55465 ?        00:00:00 php-cgi
55546 ?        00:00:00 bind9-snmp-stat
55704 pts/1    00:00:00 ps

ps is just like top but provides more information.

Show Long Format Output

# ps -Al
To turn on extra full mode (it will show command line arguments passed to process):
# ps -AlF

To See Threads ( LWP and NLWP)

# ps -AlFH

To See Threads After Processes

# ps -AlLm

Print All Process On The Server

# ps ax
# ps axu

Print A Process Tree

# ps -ejH
# ps axjf
# pstree

Print Security Information

# ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
# ps axZ
# ps -eM

See Every Process Running As User Vivek

# ps -U vivek -u vivek u

Set Output In a User-Defined Format

# ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
# ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
# ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan

Display Only The Process IDs of Lighttpd

# ps -C lighttpd -o pid=
OR
# pgrep lighttpd
OR
# pgrep -u vivek php-cgi

Display The Name of PID 55977

# ps -p 55977 -o comm=

Find Out The Top 10 Memory Consuming Process

# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10

Find Out top 10 CPU Consuming Process

# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10

#6: free - Memory Usage

The command free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel.
# free
Sample Output:

            total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:      12302896    9739664    2563232          0     523124    5154740
-/+ buffers/cache:    4061800    8241096
Swap:      1052248          0    1052248

=> Related: :

Linux Find Out Virtual Memory PAGESIZE

Linux Limit CPU Usage Per Process

How much RAM does my Ubuntu / Fedora Linux desktop PC have?

#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity

The command iostat report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network filesystems (NFS).
# iostat
Sample Outputs:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 	06/26/2009

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           3.50    0.09    0.51    0.03    0.00   95.86

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda              22.04        31.88       512.03   16193351  260102868
sda1              0.00         0.00         0.00       2166        180
sda2             22.04        31.87       512.03   16189010  260102688
sda3              0.00         0.00         0.00       1615          0

=> Related: : Linux Track NFS Directory / Disk I/O Stats

#8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity

The sar command is used to collect, report, and save system activity information. To see network counter, enter:
# sar -n DEV | more
To display the network counters from the 24th:
# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 | more
You can also display real time usage using sar:
# sar 4 5
Sample Outputs:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 		06/26/2009

06:45:12 PM       CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
06:45:16 PM       all      2.00      0.00      0.22      0.00      0.00     97.78
06:45:20 PM       all      2.07      0.00      0.38      0.03      0.00     97.52
06:45:24 PM       all      0.94      0.00      0.28      0.00      0.00     98.78
06:45:28 PM       all      1.56      0.00      0.22      0.00      0.00     98.22
06:45:32 PM       all      3.53      0.00      0.25      0.03      0.00     96.19
Average:          all      2.02      0.00      0.27      0.01      0.00     97.70

#9: mpstat - Multiprocessor Usage

The mpstat command displays activities for each available processor, processor 0 being the first one. mpstat -P ALL to display average CPU utilization per processor:
# mpstat -P ALL
Sample Output:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in)	 	06/26/2009

06:48:11 PM  CPU   %user   %nice    %sys %iowait    %irq   %soft  %steal   %idle    intr/s
06:48:11 PM  all    3.50    0.09    0.34    0.03    0.01    0.17    0.00   95.86   1218.04
06:48:11 PM    0    3.44    0.08    0.31    0.02    0.00    0.12    0.00   96.04   1000.31
06:48:11 PM    1    3.10    0.08    0.32    0.09    0.02    0.11    0.00   96.28     34.93
06:48:11 PM    2    4.16    0.11    0.36    0.02    0.00    0.11    0.00   95.25      0.00
06:48:11 PM    3    3.77    0.11    0.38    0.03    0.01    0.24    0.00   95.46     44.80
06:48:11 PM    4    2.96    0.07    0.29    0.04    0.02    0.10    0.00   96.52     25.91
06:48:11 PM    5    3.26    0.08    0.28    0.03    0.01    0.10    0.00   96.23     14.98
06:48:11 PM    6    4.00    0.10    0.34    0.01    0.00    0.13    0.00   95.42      3.75
06:48:11 PM    7    3.30    0.11    0.39    0.03    0.01    0.46    0.00   95.69     76.89

#10: pmap - Process Memory Usage

The command pmap report memory map of a process. Use this command to find out causes of memory bottlenecks.
# pmap -d PID
To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter:
# pmap -d 47394
Sample Outputs:

47394:   /usr/bin/php-cgi
Address           Kbytes Mode  Offset           Device    Mapping
0000000000400000    2584 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 php-cgi
0000000000886000     140 rw--- 0000000000286000 008:00002 php-cgi
00000000008a9000      52 rw--- 00000000008a9000 000:00000   [ anon ]
0000000000aa8000      76 rw--- 00000000002a8000 008:00002 php-cgi
000000000f678000    1980 rw--- 000000000f678000 000:00000   [ anon ]
000000314a600000     112 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so
000000314a81b000       4 r---- 000000000001b000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so
000000314a81c000       4 rw--- 000000000001c000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so
000000314aa00000    1328 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so
000000314ab4c000    2048 ----- 000000000014c000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so
.....
......
..
00002af8d48fd000       4 rw--- 0000000000006000 008:00002 xsl.so
00002af8d490c000      40 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so
00002af8d4916000    2044 ----- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so
00002af8d4b15000       4 r---- 0000000000009000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so
00002af8d4b16000       4 rw--- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so
00002af8d4b17000  768000 rw-s- 0000000000000000 000:00009 zero (deleted)
00007fffc95fe000      84 rw--- 00007ffffffea000 000:00000   [ stack ]
ffffffffff600000    8192 ----- 0000000000000000 000:00000   [ anon ]
mapped: 933712K    writeable/private: 4304K    shared: 768000K

The last line is very important:

mapped: 933712K total amount of memory mapped to files

writeable/private: 4304K the amount of private address space

shared: 768000K the amount of address space this process is sharing with others

#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics

The command netstat displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. ss command is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. See the following resources about ss and netstat commands:

ss: Display Linux TCP / UDP Network and Socket Information

Get Detailed Information About Particular IP address Connections Using netstat Command

#13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics

The iptraf command is interactive colorful IP LAN monitor. It is an ncurses-based IP LAN monitor that generates various network statistics including TCP info, UDP counts, ICMP and OSPF information, Ethernet load info, node stats, IP checksum errors, and others. It can provide the following info in easy to read format:

Network traffic statistics by TCP connection

IP traffic statistics by network interface

Network traffic statistics by protocol

Network traffic statistics by TCP/UDP port and by packet size

Network traffic statistics by Layer2 address

Fig.02: General interface statistics: IP traffic statistics by network interface

Fig.03 Network traffic statistics by TCP connection

#14: tcpdump - Detailed Network Traffic Analysis

The tcpdump is simple command that dump traffic on a network. However, you need good understanding of TCP/IP protocol to utilize this tool. For.e.g to display traffic info about DNS, enter:
# tcpdump -i eth1 'udp port 53'
To display all IPv4 HTTP packets to and from port 80, i.e. print only packets that contain data, not, for example, SYN and FIN packets and ACK-only packets, enter:
# tcpdump 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'
To display all FTP session to 202.54.1.5, enter:
# tcpdump -i eth1 'dst 202.54.1.5 and (port 21 or 20'
To display all HTTP session to 192.168.1.5:
# tcpdump -ni eth0 'dst 192.168.1.5 and tcp and port http'
Use wireshark to view detailed information about files, enter:
# tcpdump -n -i eth1 -s 0 -w output.txt src or dst port 80

#15: strace - System Calls

Trace system calls and signals. This is useful for debugging webserver and other server problems. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.

#16: /Proc file system - Various Kernel Statistics

/proc file system provides detailed information about various hardware devices and other Linux kernel information. See Linux kernel /proc documentations for further details. Common /proc examples:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
# cat /proc/meminfo
# cat /proc/zoneinfo
# cat /proc/mounts

17#: Nagios - Server And Network Monitoring

Nagios is a popular open source computer system and network monitoring application software. You can easily monitor all your hosts, network equipment and services. It can send alert when things go wrong and again when they get better. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN goals are to provide a Nagios installation including most tools provided by the Nagios Community. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.

18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool

Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices. It can provide data about network, CPU, memory, logged in users, Apache, DNS servers and much more. See how to install and configure Cacti network graphing tool under CentOS / RHEL.

#19: KDE System Guard - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing

KSysguard is a network enabled task and system monitor application for KDE desktop. This tool can be run over ssh session. It provides lots of features such as a client/server architecture that enables monitoring of local and remote hosts. The graphical front end uses so-called sensors to retrieve the information it displays. A sensor can return simple values or more complex information like tables. For each type of information, one or more displays are provided. Displays are organized in worksheets that can be saved and loaded independently from each other. So, KSysguard is not only a simple task manager but also a very powerful tool to control large server farms.

Fig.05 KDE System Guard {Image credit: Wikipedia}

See the KSysguard handbook for detailed usage.

#20: Gnome System Monitor - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing

The System Monitor application enables you to display basic system information and monitor system processes, usage of system resources, and file systems. You can also use System Monitor to modify the behavior of your system. Although not as powerful as the KDE System Guard, it provides the basic information which may be useful for new users:

Displays various basic information about the computer's hardware and software.

Linux Kernel version

GNOME version

Hardware

Installed memory

Processors and speeds

System Status

Currently available disk space

Processes

Memory and swap space

Network usage

File Systems

Lists all mounted filesystems along with basic information about each.

Fig.06 The Gnome System Monitor application

Bounce: Additional Tools

A few more tools:

nmap - scan your server for open ports.

lsof - list open files, network connections and much more.

ntop web based tool - ntop is the best tool to see network usage in a way similar to what top command does for processes i.e. it is network traffic monitoring software. You can see network status, protocol wise distribution of traffic for UDP, TCP, DNS, HTTP and other protocols.

Conky - Another good monitoring tool for the X Window System. It is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage, temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail inboxes etc.

GKrellM - It can be used to monitor the status of CPUs, main memory, hard disks, network interfaces, local and remote mailboxes, and many other things.

vnstat - vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor. It keeps a log of hourly, daily and monthly network traffic for the selected interface(s).

htop - htop is an enhanced version of top, the interactive process viewer, which can display the list of processes in a tree form.

mtr - mtr combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic tool.

Copy from: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html

Change Windows 7 Start Menu To Windows XP And Classic Style For Free

· Classic Shell – Classic Shell adds some missing features to Windows 7 and Vista like a classic start menu, toolbar for Explorer and others.

· Classic Windows XP Start Menu

For more reference:

http://www.geckoandfly.com/2009/12/25/change-windows-7-start-menu-to-windows-xp-and-classic-style-for-free/

How to identify the installed Windows Patches from Command Prompt using WMIC? (refer:http://www.workstationtalk.com/content/how-identify-installed-windows-patches-command-prompt-using-wmic)

wmic qfe list full /format:htable >C:\WindowsPatches.htm

Wait for few seconds, and then open the 'C:\WindowsPatches.htm' file which contains the list of patches installed on your computer.

To list the IDs of all the patches/hotfix installed:

wmic qfe get Hotfixid

If you want to search for a particular hotfix is installed on the local machine:

wmic qfe | find "977346"

Reference: http://www.workstationtalk.com/content/how-identify-installed-windows-patches-command-prompt-using-wmic

Pages

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Monday, February 22, 2010

Friday, February 19, 2010

Solution

ESX 4.0

ESXi 4.0

ESX 4.0 or ESXi 4.0

Crontab 不會自動執行 修復、處理步驟

檢查、更新 Crontab

解法

What it is

Reference:

Thursday, February 18, 2010

#1: top - Process Activity Command

Commonly Used Hot Keys

#2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information

Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo

Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages

#3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing

#4: uptime - Tell How Long The System Has Been Running

#5: ps - Displays The Processes

Show Long Format Output

To See Threads ( LWP and NLWP)

To See Threads After Processes

Print All Process On The Server

Print A Process Tree

Print Security Information

See Every Process Running As User Vivek

Set Output In a User-Defined Format

Display Only The Process IDs of Lighttpd

Display The Name of PID 55977

Find Out The Top 10 Memory Consuming Process

Find Out top 10 CPU Consuming Process

#6: free - Memory Usage

#7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity

#8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity

#9: mpstat - Multiprocessor Usage

#10: pmap - Process Memory Usage

#11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics

#13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics

#14: tcpdump - Detailed Network Traffic Analysis

#15: strace - System Calls

#16: /Proc file system - Various Kernel Statistics

17#: Nagios - Server And Network Monitoring

18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool

#19: KDE System Guard - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing

#20: Gnome System Monitor - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing

Bounce: Additional Tools

Crontab 不會自動執行修復、處理步驟